Introduction of activated carbon filter
The working principle of the activated carbon filter is based on the special adsorption properties of activated carbon. Activated carbon is a kind of carbonaceous material with a rich micropore structure, which gives activated carbon a huge specific surface area, and can effectively adsorb pollutants such as organic matter, pigment, odor, residual chlorine, and some heavy metal ions in water or air. Adsorption is mainly divided into physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, in which physical adsorption mainly relies on the micropore structure of activated carbon to capture substances whose molecular size is smaller than the pore size, while chemical adsorption involves the chemical interaction between the functional groups on the surface of activated carbon and pollutants.

Activated carbon filter composition
The composition of an activated carbon filter mainly includes the following key components, which work together to complete the softening process of water quality:
1. Shell: usually made of stainless steel, fiberglass, and other corrosion-resistant materials to ensure the robustness and long-term use of the equipment.
2. Internal filling: The core part is filled with activated carbon, various materials, such as coal, wood, fruit shells, etc., according to the need to deal with different substances, choose the appropriate type of activated carbon.
3. Water inlet/outlet: used for fluid input and output, designed to ensure uniform distribution of fluid, and improve filtration efficiency.
4. Backwash system (optional): It is used for regular cleaning of activated carbon to restore its adsorption capacity and extend its service life.
5. Control valve: used to control the direction of water flow to achieve normal filtration or backwashing operation.
Filter shells and accessories can be selected from high-quality stainless steel, such as 304, 316, 316L, and so on.

Advantages and characteristics of activated carbon filter
The use effect of an activated carbon filter is significant, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Remove odor and improve taste: activated carbon has a strong adsorption capacity, which can effectively remove organic matter, chloride, and other odor-producing substances in water, such as humus, hydrogen sulfide, etc., significantly improve the taste and smell of water, and make drinking water more sweet and delicious.
2. Adsorption and removal of organic pollutants: activated carbon can effectively adsorb small molecules of organic matter in water, such as pesticides, herbicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., reduce the intake of harmful substances to the human body and improve water quality safety.
3. Reduce chroma and turbidity: for pigments and colloidal substances in water, activated carbon also has a good removal effect, which can significantly reduce the chroma and turbidity of water, making the water more clear and transparent.
4. Reduce residual chlorine: activated carbon can adsorb residual chlorine in water, prevent it from causing oxidative damage to subsequent water treatment equipment (such as reverse osmosis membrane), extend the service life of equipment, and reduce the generation of chlorination by-products to ensure water quality safety.
5. Remove some heavy metals: through physical adsorption and certain chemical reactions, activated carbon can remove some heavy metal ions in water (such as lead, mercury, chromium, etc.), reducing the risk of heavy metal pollution.
6. Protect the post-stage equipment: As a pre-treatment stage, the activated carbon filter can effectively reduce or eliminate the pollution burden on the post-stage precision filtration equipment (such as reverse osmosis membrane, ion exchange resin, etc.) to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the entire water treatment system.
7. Environmental protection and energy saving: Compared with chemical treatment methods, activated carbon filtration is a more environmentally friendly water treatment method, does not produce harmful by-products, and activated carbon can be recycled and reused, reducing operating costs.
8. Widely used: suitable for drinking water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, swimming pool water purification, fish tank water treatment, and other fields, to meet the needs of different industries and families for water purification.

The working principle of activated carbon filters mainly depends on the special structure and adsorption properties of activated carbon itself. Activated carbon is a specially treated carbon material with an extremely developed pore structure and huge specific surface area, which makes it very effective in absorbing various impurities in water or air. Here's a detailed explanation of how it works:
1. Physical adsorption: activated carbon has a large number of microporous structures, including micropores, medium pores, and large pores, which form a huge surface area, usually the surface area of each gram of activated carbon can be as high as 500 to 3000 square meters. When the water flow or air flows through these pores, the organic matter, suspended matter, pigment, odor molecules, and other pollutants are adsorbed on the surface or inside the pore of the activated carbon due to the action of the van der Waals force, to be intercepted to achieve the purpose of purification.
2. Chemisorption: there are still some functional groups on the surface of activated carbon, which can chemically react with some pollutants, such as reacting with chlorine gas to reduce it to harmless chloride ions, thereby removing the residual chlorine in the water.
3. Capillary effect: The pore structure of activated carbon forms a capillary-like effect, which prolongs the residence time of the medium flowing through the pore, increases the chance of adsorption contact, and improves the adsorption efficiency.
4. Filtration mechanism: For large particles, the activated carbon filter layer can also be intercepted by a physical barrier, although this is not its main filtration mechanism.
5. Regeneration and replacement: over time, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon will gradually saturated, then it is necessary to restore its adsorption capacity by backwashing, chemical cleaning, heating regeneration, or directly replacing the new activated carbon. In some designs, the impurities attached to the surface of the activated carbon can be removed by countercurrent washing, but deep adsorbent substances are more difficult to remove.
6. Application control: To optimize the filtration effect, the design of activated carbon filters usually considers the flow rate of the fluid, contact time, type and quality of activated carbon, and other factors. Reasonable operating parameters can maximize adsorption efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and increase processing capacity.